Imperium Renewables Inc. (IRI)
Form S-1
Registration Statement
As filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission on May 23, 2007
Overview
We expect to be the largest “pure-play” biodiesel producer in the U.S.
in 2007 based on nameplate capacity, according to the NBB. We design,
develop, build, own and operate biodiesel production facilities that
will be capable of consistently producing industrial scale quantities
of biodiesel from multiple feedstocks that exceed industry quality
standards. We are building the first facility in the U.S. with a 100
million gallon per year, or MGY, nameplate capacity, and we are
developing three additional production facilities that will expand our
aggregate nameplate capacity to approximately 405 MGY by the end of
2008. We believe that we will be among the lowest-cost providers, if
not the lowest-cost provider, of biodiesel in the U.S. due to the
strategic locations of our production facilities, our proprietary
process and technological innovations, our ability to utilize multiple
feedstocks, and our internal project engineering expertise. Since 2005,
we have been selling biodiesel directly and through distributors to a
variety of users, including industrial users, fleet and marine
operators, utilities, fuel distributors and blenders, and federal,
state and local governments. We also have a contractual commitment from
a large industrial fuel user to purchase, at a minimum, approximately
18 million gallons of biodiesel annually for approximately five years
with an option for a three-year extension. We believe this is the
single largest long-term biodiesel sales contract to an end user in the
U.S.
Biodiesel is a biodegradable, nontoxic alternative fuel produced from
multiple types of vegetable oil and other feedstocks. Biodiesel
performs comparably to petroleum diesel, or diesel, in vehicle, marine,
power generation and home heating oil applications. Biodiesel can be
used as a direct replacement for diesel and can also be blended with
diesel. Many industrial biodiesel consumers use B99, which is a blend
containing 99% biodiesel and 1% diesel. In comparison to ethanol, which
is used primarily as an oxygenate that typically replaces up to 10% of
gasoline, biodiesel can be used as a direct replacement for diesel at
levels up to 100%, which increases the potential penetration of
biodiesel in the diesel market relative to the potential penetration of
ethanol in the gasoline market. To use ethanol as a replacement fuel or
in blends higher than 10% generally requires significant engine
modification. Biodiesel represents less than 0.4% of the overall U.S.
diesel market, based on 2006 figures. In the U.S., biodiesel
consumption has grown from approximately 500,000 gallons in 1999 to
more than an estimated 250 million gallons in 2006.
Our competitive strengths include:
Superior logistics. We are locating our production facilities and
distribution logistics in and around coastal deep water ports that
provide us with multiple operating, cost and business model advantages
compared to other industry participants.
Feedstock flexibility. Our production facilities are being designed to
produce biodiesel simultaneously from multiple feedstocks, including
canola, soybean, and palm oil, as well as jatropha, mustard and other
feedstocks. This allows us to shift into and out of different
feedstocks based on customer demand and market cost dynamics without
hindering our production process or substantially increasing our
operating costs.
Our corporate offices are located at 1418 Third Avenue, Suite 300,
Seattle, Washington 98101. We were incorporated in Washington in May
2005. Until May 17, 2005, our business was part of Seattle Biodiesel
LLC, at which time we merged Seattle Biodiesel LLC into a
wholly-owned subsidiary, pursuant to which Seattle Biodiesel LLC
became our subsidiary. Our website address is
http://www.imperiumrenewables.com and our telephone number is (206)
254-0203.
The number of shares of common stock that will be outstanding after
this offering is based on 33,824,875 shares outstanding at March 31,
2007, which assumes the issuance of 2,385,069 shares of common stock
issuable upon exercise of all of our outstanding warrants and an option
issued outside of our 2005 Stock Option Plan that terminate immediately
prior to the effectiveness of this offering if not exercised, but
excludes as of March 31, 2007:
Risks Relating to Our Business
The price of vegetable oil is influenced by various global factors
including weather conditions and other factors affecting crop yields,
farmer planting decisions, the output and proximity of crush facilities
that convert the crops to oil, and general economic, market and
regulatory factors. These factors include government policies and
subsidies with respect to agriculture and international trade, global
and local demand and supply and political and social factors that may
cause fewer acres of oilseed crops to be planted, or used for biodiesel
production. The significance and relative effect of these factors on
the price of vegetable oils is difficult to predict. Any event that
tends to negatively affect the supply of vegetable oil, such as adverse
weather or crop disease, could increase vegetable oil prices and
potentially harm our business. In addition, we may also have
difficulty, from time to time, in sourcing vegetable or other oils on
economical terms due to supply shortages. A shortage of any particular
feedstock may require us to source other types of feedstock at less
favorable prices, which may have a material adverse effect on our
business and financial condition.
Our financial condition and results of operations are highly dependent
on the price of crude oil, diesel and biodiesel, which are subject to
significant volatility and uncertainty. Fluctuations in the selling
price and production cost of crude oil and diesel may reduce our gross
margins.
We plan to grow our business by building three new 100 MGY nameplate
capacity facilities, in addition to our Grays Harbor production
facility, over the next 18 months at sites in Hawaii, in Argentina and
on the U.S. East Coast. These three new production facilities are in
various stages of planning and development. We are also currently
evaluating several sites globally, including in Belgium, China and the
Philippines, for possible additional production facilities.
Development, construction and expansion of biodiesel production
facilities is subject to a number of risks, any of which could prevent
us from commencing operations at a particular facility as expected or
at all, including adverse weather conditions, defects in materials and
workmanship, labor and material shortages or delays, zoning delays,
opposition from local groups, transportation constraints, construction
change orders, site changes, labor issues and other unforeseen
difficulties. For example, if the barge we have leased is not delivered
on time, we may suffer delays in delivery of feedstock from suppliers
and delivery of biodiesel to customers. We must also obtain numerous
regulatory approvals and permits to construct and operate new
production facilities. These requirements may not be satisfied in a
timely manner or at all. In addition, as described below under “—Risks
Relating to the Biodiesel Industry—We may be adversely affected by
environmental, health and safety laws, regulations and liabilities,”
federal and state governmental requirements may substantially increase
our costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of
operations and financial condition. Our expansion plans may also result
in other adverse consequences, such as the diversion of management’s
attention from our existing operations.
We believe that the net proceeds of this offering will only be
sufficient to fund the construction costs of our next three planned
production facilities. Total construction costs to complete our Grays
Harbor production facility are expected to be approximately $73
million, but construction costs in other regions could be more
expensive. For example, construction costs of our planned production
facility in Hawaii are expected to be approximately 25% higher than our
Grays Harbor construction cost for a production facility with the same
capacity.
We will depend on a single customer for a substantial portion of our
revenue during 2007 and 2008, and the loss of, or a significant
reduction in biodiesel purchased by, this customer could significantly
reduce our revenue.
We have entered into a biodiesel purchase agreement with a large
industrial fuel user that provides for our delivery of approximately 18
million gallons of biodiesel to this user in 2007, which may increase
by up to 10% per year through 2011. The purchase agreement with this
user is currently the only major long-term biodiesel customer contract
that we have, and we expect this contract to account for a substantial
portion of our 2007 and 2008 revenue. This user could terminate this
agreement for any reason with six months’ prior written notice, subject
to a termination fee, or in the event of our inability to perform our
responsibilities, our insolvency, our uncured material breach of the
agreements, including our inability to supply biodiesel at required
specifications, or if any law, regulation, judgment or order makes our
performance of any obligation under the agreement illegal or
prohibited. The termination of, or a significant reduction in biodiesel
purchased under, the purchase agreement would materially reduce our
revenue and would harm our financial condition and results of
operations.
Cold weather can cause biodiesel to gel, which could cause
consumers to lose confidence in the reliability of biodiesel. Such loss
of confidence could adversely impact our ability to successfully market
and sell our biodiesel.
The pour point for a fuel is the temperature at which the flow of the
fuel substantially stops. A lower pour point means the fuel will flow
more readily in cold weather. The pour points for No. 2 diesel and No.
1 diesel, which are used extensively for automotive transportation, are
approximately -17ºF and -45ºF, respectively. In contrast, the
pour points of canola-based, soybean-based and palm-based pure
biodiesel, or B100, are approximately 16ºF, 32ºF and
54ºF, respectively. The pour points for biodiesel vary with the
particular feedstock, increasing or decreasing with the level of
unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, for certain uses, we believe we
will need to blend the biodiesel we produce with diesel or other
additives to provide a biodiesel product that has an acceptable pour
point in cold weather. In colder temperatures, lower blends are
recommended to avoid fuel system plugging. This may cause the demand
for our biodiesel in colder climates to diminish seasonally. This may
also require us to use particular feedstocks that customers believe are
better suited for their climate, which could require us to purchase
more expensive feedstocks and increase our cost of sales. The tendency
of biodiesel to gel in colder weather may also result in long-term
storage problems. At low temperatures, biodiesel may need to be stored
in a heated building or heated storage tanks, which would increase
storage costs. Any reduction in the demand for, or increased costs of,
our biodiesel will reduce our revenue and have an adverse effect on our
financial condition and results of operations.
Problems with product quality or product performance could result in a
decrease in customers and revenue, unexpected expenses and loss of
market share.
The production of biodiesel that meets stringent quality requirements
is complex. Concerns about fuel quality may impact our ability to
successfully market our biodiesel. If we are unable to produce
biodiesel that meets the industry quality standard, our credibility and
the market acceptance and sales of our biodiesel could be negatively
affected. In addition, actual or perceived problems with quality
control in the industry generally may lead to a lack of consumer
confidence in biodiesel and harm our ability to successfully market
biodiesel. For example, the State of Minnesota temporarily suspended
its 2% biodiesel, or B2, requirement on at least two occasions due to
concerns about biodiesel quality. Similar quality control issues in
biodiesel that we produce or that is produced by other industry
participants could result in a decrease in demand or mandates for
biodiesel, with a resulting decrease in our revenue.
Our future growth will depend on our ability to establish and maintain
strategic relationships with distributors and feedstock suppliers. If
we are unable to establish and maintain such relationships our business
growth strategy could be significantly limited.
Our future growth generally depends on our ability to establish and
maintain relationships with third parties, including alliances with
distributors and feedstock suppliers. For example, we currently rely on
an agreement with Methanex Methanol Company, or Methanex, to supply
methanol to us for our Grays Harbor production facility. However, we
will need to enter into additional agreements with Methanex or other
third parties to supply us with required quantities of methanol for our
planned production facilities in Hawaii, in Argentina and on the U.S.
East Coast. Further, we will need to enter into agreements with
additional suppliers of vegetable oils. In addition, we will rely to a
certain extent on third parties to sell and market our biodiesel. We
cannot assure you that we will be able to establish strategic
relationships with third parties on terms satisfactory to us or at all,
or that any arrangements that we enter into will result in the type of
collaborative relationship with the third party that we are seeking.
Further, these third parties may not regard their relationship with us
as important to their own business and operations and may not perform
their obligations as agreed. Any failure to develop and maintain
satisfactory relationships with distributors and feedstock suppliers
would have a material adverse effect on our business. (pages
12-13)
We have a limited operating history and our business may not be
as successful as we envision. We began our business in 2004 and
commenced commercial operations at our Seattle production facility in
2005, and plan to commence production at our Grays Harbor production
facility in July 2007. Accordingly, we have a limited operating history
from which you can evaluate our business and prospects. We have
generated net losses and negative cash flow from operations since we
commenced our operations. For example, for 2006 and the quarter ended
March 31, 2007, we incurred net losses of approximately $5.5 million
and $2.8 million, respectively, our net cash used in operating
activities was approximately $3.8 million and $23.1 million,
respectively, and, at March 31, 2007, our accumulated deficit was
approximately $9.3 million. We expect to incur increasing net losses
and negative cash flow from operations through at least the end of 2007
and possibly in future periods as we build new productions facilities,
hire additional employees, apply for regulatory approvals, continue
development of our technology, expand our operations and incur the
additional costs of operating as a public company.
A third party owns 7% of Imperium Grays Harbor, LLC, our
subsidiary that owns and operates the Grays Harbor production facility.
In addition to its economic interest, the third party has the right to
appoint a manager to the governing board of managers of Imperium Grays
Harbor, LLC. The consent of the third party’s appointed manager is
required for a number of matters, including equity and debt financings,
payment of cash dividends, and the sale or liquidation of Imperium
Grays Harbor, LLC. Because of the third party’s separate business
objectives with respect to the operations of this production facility
and our obligations under our biodiesel purchase agreement with the
third party, there is a risk that the third party may not provide its
consent on such matters. On or after September 2009, or earlier if
necessary to resolve any dispute, we may be required, pursuant to a put
right held by the third party attributable to its interest, to acquire
the third party’s interest in Imperium
In an attempt to partially offset the effects of volatility of the spot
prices for vegetable oils and biodiesel, we may from time to time
purchase vegetable oil in the cash market and hedge the related price
risk through futures contracts and options to reduce short-term
exposure to price fluctuations on a forward basis and also engage in
other hedging transactions involving exchange-traded and off-exchange
futures contracts for vegetable oils. The financial statement impact of
these activities is dependent on, among other things, the prices
involved and our ability to sell sufficient products to use all of the
vegetable oils for which we have futures contracts. Hedging
arrangements also expose us to the risk of financial loss in situations
where the other party to the hedging contract defaults on its contract
or, in the case of exchange-traded contracts, where there is a change
in the expected differential between the underlying price in the
hedging agreement and the actual prices paid or received by us. There
is no assurance that our hedging activities will successfully reduce
the risk caused by price fluctuation tha may leave us vulnerable to
high vegetable oil prices. Hedging activities can themselves result in
losses when a position is purchased in a declining market or a position
is sold in a rising market. We also vary the amount of hedging or other
risk mitigation strategies we undertake, and we may choose not to
engage in hedging transactions at all. As a result, our financial
condition may be adversely affected by increases in the prices of
vegetable oils or decreases in the price of biodiesel or diesel.
The biodiesel industry is extremely competitive and growing more
intense as more production facilities are built and the industry
expands globally. We may not be able to compete successfully against
current or potential competitors. In the U.S., we primarily compete
with three groups of biodiesel producers: large-scale biodiesel
production facilities, including companies that have divisions devoted
to biodiesel production, such as Archer Daniels Midland Company and
Cargill, Inc.; start-up biodiesel refineries that are entering the
market; and large petroleum refining companies that are developing
large-scale refineries that use natural gas, coal and other
non-renewable feedstocks. Many of these competitors have greater
financial resources than we do. While the nameplate capacity of our new
Grays Harbor production facility will make this facility the largest
biodiesel production facility in the U.S., our competitors could
develop more efficient biodiesel refining methods that would increase
their biodiesel production capacity and place downward pressure on
biodiesel pricing. For example, in April 2007, ConocoPhillips and Tyson
Foods, Inc. announced a joint project to construct a facility that
produces renewable diesel from animal fat, which they estimate will
cost approximately $100 million and when fully functioning will produce
175 MGY of renewable diesel.
According to the NBB, as of January 31, 2007, there were 105 biodiesel
production facilities in operation in the U.S. with reported aggregate
annual production capacity of approximately 864 million gallons and 85
facilities under construction or expansion with expected additional
annual production capacity of approximately 1.7 billion gallons. All of
these facilities currently, or will in the future, compete with us for
feedstocks and customers.
In addition, we will face competition from international biodiesel
suppliers outside the U.S. if we attempt to sell into international
markets, such as Europe. The European biodiesel market is more mature
than the market in the U.S., and there are more competitors with
greater production capacity than in the U.S. Any increase in domestic
or foreign competition could cause us to reduce our prices and take
other steps to compete effectively, which could adversely affect our
results of operations and financial condition.
The U.S. biodiesel industry is highly dependent on a mix of federal and
state legislation and regulation and any changes in legislation or
regulation could harm our business and financial condition.
The elimination or a significant reduction in the biodiesel tax credit
could have a material adverse effect on the price of biodiesel and on
our financial condition and results of operations. Federal tax
incentives make the cost of biodiesel production significantly more
competitive with the price of diesel. Currently, under the American
Jobs Creation Act of 2004 and the Energy Policy Act of 2005, or EPAct,
producers of diesel/biodiesel blends can claim up to a $1.00 tax credit
per gallon of biodiesel produced from virgin vegetable oils. This
credit is currently scheduled to terminate on December 31, 2008, and
there can be no assurance that it will be renewed on similar terms, if
at all. In addition, this credit and other federal and state programs
that benefit biodiesel generally are subject to U.S. government
obligations under international trade agreements, including those under
the World Trade Organization Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing
Measures, that might in the future be the subject of challenges. The
elimination or significant reduction in the biodiesel tax credit or
other programs could harm our results of operations and financial
condition. See “Industry Background—Government Incentives for Biodiesel
Production and Use.”
Our revenue will be greatly affected by the price at which we can sell
our biodiesel. These prices can be volatile as a result of a number of
factors. These factors include the overall supply of and demand for
biodiesel, the price of crude oil and diesel, the level of government
support, and the availability and price of competing products. U.S.
biodiesel prices generally parallel the movement of crude oil and
diesel prices. Crude oil and diesel prices are difficult to forecast
because the market reflects the global economy, which is subject to
political upheaval, natural disasters, and other myriad factors. Even
the slightest rumor of political instability can significantly affect
the price of crude oil and diesel. Further, exchange rates play a key
role in domestic oil pricing. Any lowering of crude oil or diesel
prices will likely also lead to lower prices for biodiesel, which may
decrease our biodiesel sales and reduce revenue.
Biodiesel imported from other countries may be a less expensive
alternative to our biodiesel, which would cause us to lose market share
or adversely affect our efforts to operate internationally.
Biodiesel imported from other countries may be a less expensive
alternative to domestically produced biodiesel. Foreign countries may
have more abundant supplies of soybean, palm or canola oil, or other
feedstocks, less expensive labor, more biodiesel production capacity,
more advanced biodiesel infrastructure or technology, more favorable
government incentives or other policies, or other economic factors that
allow for sales of foreign biodiesel to both U.S. and international
customers at prices lower than biodiesel produced in the U.S. The
absence of U.S. protective tariffs similar to those imposed on ethanol
imports, and any resulting competition in the U.S. from biodiesel
imported from other countries, may affect our ability to sell biodiesel
profitably.
Growth in the sale and distribution of biodiesel depends on changes to
and expansion of related infrastructure, which may not occur on a
timely basis, if at all, and our operations could be adversely affected
by infrastructure disruptions.
Growth in the biodiesel industry depends on substantial development of
infrastructure, such as rail capacity and available barge fleets, to
transport raw materials and biodiesel. Areas requiring expansion
include:
• additional deep-water port access and rail
capacity;
• additional terminal and storage facilities for
biodiesel;
• growth in use of pipelines to transport biodiesel,
including the ability to transport biodiesel blends above 20%;
• increases in truck fleets capable of effectively
transporting biodiesel within localized markets; and
• growth in the number of service stations equipped
to distribute biodiesel.
Substantial investments required for these infrastructure changes and
expansions may not be made or they may not be made on a timely basis.
Any delay or failure in making the changes to or expansion of
infrastructure could hurt the demand or prices for our products, impede
our delivery of biodiesel, impose additional costs on us or otherwise
have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. Our business
depends on the continuing availability of infrastructure and any
infrastructure disruptions could have a material adverse effect on our
business.
Adverse public opinions concerning the source of our feedstocks could
harm our business. We plan to use significant amounts of palm oil from
Southeast Asia, primarily Indonesia and Malaysia, in the production of
biodiesel. Palm oil is currently the least expensive vegetable oil
feedstock that we use. (page 22)
Environmental and other groups have recently expressed concern that the
growing demand for palm oil may result in the clearing of rainforests
in Southeast Asia and could threaten animal and plant species in that
region. Palm oil growers, processors and environmental groups are
working to develop regulations that would attempt to balance the supply
of palm oil against these other ecological issues. Public concerns have
also been raised concerning the use of soybeans as an alternative fuel
feedstock.
Historically soybeans have been used for food production, both
domestically and as a significant export. The increased use of soybeans
as a biodiesel feedstock contributes to the increasing price of
soybeans, and could result in decreased availability of soybeans for
food production, and could lead farmers to convert to soybean
production from the production of other crops that contribute to
domestic or international food production. Unfavorable public opinions
concerning the use of palm oil, soybeans and other feedstocks, or
negative publicity arising from such use, could reduce the global
supply of such feedstocks, increase our production costs and reduce the
global demand for biodiesel, any of which could harm our business and
adversely affect our financial condition. (page 23)
Overview
We expect to be the largest “pure-play” biodiesel producer in the U.S.
in 2007 based on nameplate capacity, according to the NBB. We design,
develop, build, own and operate biodiesel production facilities that
will be capable of consistently producing industrial scale quantities
of biodiesel from multiple feedstocks that exceed industry quality
standards. We are building the first facility in the U.S. with a 100
million gallon per year, or MGY, nameplate capacity, and we are
developing three additional facilities that will expand our aggregate
nameplate capacity to approximately 405 MGY by the end of 2008. We
believe that we will be among the lowest-cost providers, if not the
lowest-cost provider, of biodiesel in the U.S. due to the strategic
locations of our production facilities, our proprietary process and
technological innovations, our ability to utilize multiple feedstocks,
and our internal project engineering expertise. Since 2005, we have
been selling biodiesel directly and through distributors to a variety
of users, including industrial users, fleet and marine operators,
utilities, fuel distributors and blenders, and federal, state and local
governments. We also have a contractual commitment from a large
industrial fuel user to purchase, at a minimum, approximately 18
million gallons of biodiesel annually for approximately five years with
an option for a three-year extension. We believe this is the single
largest long-term biodiesel sales contract to an end user in the U.S.
Primary Components of Revenue and Expenses
Product sales. We generate revenue primarily from the sale of biodiesel
and to a lesser extent glycerin, which is a co-product of the biodiesel
production process. Our primary source of revenue from inception
through March 31, 2007 has been from the sale of biodiesel produced at
our Seattle production facility. In addition, we sold approximately
138,000 gallons of biodiesel purchased from other biodiesel producers
during 2006 to meet increased demand by certain of our customers. Sales
related to biodiesel accounted for 99% of our net sales in 2005 and
2006. We expect to purchase approximately 16.5 million gallons of
biodiesel from other biodiesel producers in 2007 to satisfy our
obligations under our purchase agreement with a large industrial fuel
user.
The selling prices we realize for our biodiesel are largely determined
by the market demand for biodiesel, which, in turn, is influenced by
various factors, including:
The price of crude oil and diesel—the price of biodiesel over the long
term has been correlated to the price of diesel, which closely follows
the price of crude oil. The prices of both crude oil and diesel tend to
increase in the summer, due to the summer driving season, and in
winter, due to home heating needs. In addition, the prices of crude oil
and diesel fluctuate substantially and are difficult to forecast due to
factors such as war, political unrest, worldwide economic conditions,
changes in refining capacity, fluctuations in exchange rates and
natural disasters;
Federal and state renewable fuel standards and tax incentives—federal,
state and local governments have sought to encourage biodiesel
production and use in the U.S. through numerous regulations that either
provide economic incentives for biodiesel producers and users or
mandate the use of specified levels of biodiesel. Any change or
elimination in such federal and state incentives could adversely impact
the demand for biodiesel
Industry fundamentals—the biodiesel industry has experienced
significant increases in capacity, demand and biodiesel price in recent
years. Demand has been driven largely by regulatory changes, such as
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s new Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel,
or ULSD, regulation, which went into effect in 2006 and increasing
shortages of refining capacity in the U.S. The higher prices of
biodiesel may not continue if supply exceeds demand even if crude oil
and diesel prices remain high.
Spread between biodiesel and vegetable oil prices. Our gross margin
depends principally on the spread between biodiesel sales prices and
vegetable oil prices. For example, in 2005 and the first half of 2006,
the spread between biodiesel and soybean prices was at a historically
high level, driven in large part by high crude oil and diesel prices
and low soybean oil prices resulting from high soybean oil yields.
However, since September 2006, soybean prices have increased
substantially, resulting in a lower gross margin for our biodiesel. Any
increase or reduction in the spread between biodiesel and vegetable oil
prices, whether as a result of a change in vegetable oil prices or
biodiesel prices, will have an effect on our financial performance. The
following graph sets forth biodiesel and vegetable oil price data for
recent periods and illustrates the volatility in market prices for
these commodities.
Cost of sales and gross loss. Our gross loss is derived from our total
revenue less our cost of sales. Our cost of sales is primarily affected
by the cost of vegetable oil, methanol, labor and manufacturing
overhead and other expenses. Vegetable oil was our most significant raw
material cost for 2006 and the quarter ended March 31, 2007, and is
influenced by weather conditions and other factors affecting crop
yields, farmer planting decisions, the output and proximity of crush
facilities that convert the crops to oil, and general economic, market
and regulatory factors. These factors include government policies and
subsidies with respect to agriculture and international trade, and
global and local demand and supply. Methanol represents our second
largest cost. We typically purchase vegetable oil and methanol under
long-term contracts or at current market prices, depending on market
conditions and based on our production obligations under our customer
supply agreements. Labor and manufacturing overhead expenses represent
the third major component of our cost of sales, and includes salaries
and benefits paid to our production facility employees, related payroll
taxes, stock-based compensation related to our production facility
employees, depreciation and facility rent. Other expenses include the
cost of other minor raw materials, such as magnesol, sodium methylate
and citric acid, utilities, equipment and supplies used in the
production of biodiesel.
Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses
consist of salaries and benefits paid to our research and development
employees, related stock-based compensation, research activities
performed by third parties, materials, supplies and other expenses
incurred to sustain our overall research and product development
programs primarily related to our biodiesel production process and next
generation feedstock development. Internal research and development
costs are expensed as incurred.
Product sales. Our product sales consist primarily of sales of
biodiesel and, to a lesser extent, our co-product, glycerin, from our
Seattle production facility. Product sales increased $993,000, or 244%,
to $1.4 million in the first quarter of 2007 from $407,000 in the first
quarter of 2006. The increase in net sales was primarily the result of
a 243% increase in the total gallons of biodiesel that we sold in the
quarter ended March 31, 2007, from 125,000 gallons in the first quarter
of 2006 to 429,000 gallons in the first quarter of 2007, in addition to
a 0.3% increase in the average selling price of biodiesel from the
first quarter of 2007 compared to the first quarter of 2006. In early
2006 biodiesel prices increased due to an increase in demand for
biodiesel and an increase in the price of crude oil and diesel. Even
though the prices of crude oil and diesel decreased during the first
quarter of 2007 compared to first quarter 2006 prices, the average
selling price for biodiesel in the first quarter of 2007 was $0.01 per
gallon higher than the first quarter of 2006, increasing to $3.24 per
gallon in the first quarter of 2007 from $3.23 per gallon in the first
quarter of 2006.
Cost of sales and gross loss. Gross loss increased $315,000, or 171%,
to $499,000 in the first quarter of 2007 from $184,000 in the first
quarter of 2006. The increase was primarily the result of an increase
in the aggregate cost of raw materials, including vegetable oil,
methanol and magnesol, combined with an increase in the volume of
biodiesel produced at our Seattle production facility. We expect our
cost of sales to increase substantially when our Grays Harbor
production facility is operational in the third quarter of 2007.
Aggregate vegetable oil costs increased $810,000, or 240%, to $1.1
million in the first quarter of 2007 from $337,000 in the first quarter
of 2006. The increase was primarily the result of an increase in the
volume of production and sales of biodiesel in the first quarter of
2007 compared to the first quarter of 2006. Vegetable oil costs
represented 60% of our cost of sales in the first quarter of 2007
compared to 57% of our cost of sales in the first quarter of 2006. Our
average cost of vegetable oil decreased $0.03 per gallon, or 1.1%, to
$2.67 per gallon in the first quarter of 2007, compared to $2.70 per
gallon in the first quarter of 2006. In the first quarter of 2007, the
spread between biodiesel and vegetable oil prices was historically
narrow, primarily as a result of lower crude oil and diesel prices,
which increased pricing pressure on biodiesel, and the higher cost of
soybean oil as a result of higher demand for, and lower supply of,
soybean oil.
Methanol costs increased $92,000, or 279%, to $125,000 in the first
quarter of 2007 from $33,000 in the first quarter of 2006 and accounted
for 7% of our cost of sales, and 6% of our cost of sales in the first
quarter of 2006. The increase is primarily attributable to the increase
in our production of biodiesel and an increase in the cost of methanol.
The increase in the cost of methanol as a percentage of our cost of
sales was primarily attributable to methanol prices rising beginning in
the third quarter of 2006 through the first quarter of 2007 to $0.29
per gallon in the first quarter of 2007 from $0.26 per gallon in the
first quarter of 2006.
Labor and manufacturing overhead costs increased $170,000, or 59%, to
$459,000 in the first quarter of 2007 from $289,000 in the first
quarter of 2006. The increase in aggregate costs was primarily
attributable to additional labor associated with increasing the
production of biodiesel at our Seattle production facility, as well as
ongoing maintenance and increased depreciation expense related to
additional capital expenditures at the Seattle production facility.
Labor and manufacturing overhead costs represented 24% of our cost of
sales in the first quarter of 2007 and 49% in the first quarter of
2006. The decrease in labor and manufacturing overhead costs, as a
percentage of costs of sales, was primarily due to increased production
of biodiesel at our Seattle production facility.
During the first quarter of 2006 we received compensation from the U.S.
Department of Agriculture, or USDA, under a Bioenergy Program for the
purpose of expanding industrial consumption of agricultural commodities
by promoting their use in the production of bioenergy, including
biodiesel. Under the program we were eligible to receive partial
compensation for the purchase of commodities used to expand existing
production capacity. These amounts are accounted for as a reduction of
cost of inventories and cost of sales. Payment from the USDA under this
program was based primarily on production levels from period to period,
and the amount of claims by other eligible companies. The existing
federal incentive income program terminated on June 30, 2006, and
as a result we only received compensation for the first six months of
2006. We received $25,000 in the first quarter of 2006 and $0 in the
first quarter of 2007.
Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses
increased $106,000, to $108,000 in the first quarter of 2007 from
$2,000 in the first quarter of 2006. The increase was primarily the
result of our investments in enhancing our technologies and focus on
increasing the operating efficiency of our existing and planned
production facilities.
Product sales. Our product sales in 2006 and 2005 consisted of sales of
biodiesel and our co-product, glycerin, from our Seattle production
facility. Product sales increased $3.7 million, or 280%, to $5.0
million in 2006 from $1.3 million in 2005. The increase in product
sales was primarily the result of a 279% increase in the total gallons
of biodiesel that we sold, combined with a 10% increase in the average
sales price of biodiesel from 2005 to 2006. In early 2006 biodiesel
prices increased due to an increase in demand for biodiesel and an
increase in the price of crude oil and diesel. As a result, the average
realized selling price for biodiesel in 2006 was $0.30 per gallon
higher than in 2005, increasing to $3.19 per gallon in 2006 from $2.89
per gallon in 2005. In addition, we sold approximately 138,000 gallons
of biodiesel purchased from other biodiesel producers during 2006 to
meet increased demand by certain of our customers. Product sales from
biodiesel purchased for resale in 2006 was $453,000, at an average
price of $3.28 per gallon.
Net sales from glycerin increased $23,000, or 288%, to $31,000 in 2006
from $8,000 in 2005. Glycerin production and sales primarily increased
due to an increase in the volume of our production of biodiesel.
Cost of sales and gross loss. Gross loss increased $575,000, or 200%,
to $863,000 in 2006 from $288,000 in 2005. The increase was primarily
the result of an increase in the aggregate cost of raw materials,
including vegetable oil and methanol, combined with an increase in the
volume of biodiesel produced at our Seattle production facility. Our
average cost of vegetable oil decreased $0.04 per gallon, or 1.7%, to
$2.31 per gallon in 2006 compared to $2.35 per gallon in 2005.
Aggregate vegetable oil costs increased $2.3 million, or 239%, to
$3.3 million in 2006 from $963,000 in 2005. Vegetable oil costs
represented 56% of our cost of sales in 2006 compared to 60% of our
cost of sales in 2005. During 2005 and through the second quarter of
2006, vegetable oil prices remained relatively low and the biodiesel
market improved following the signing into law of the Energy Policy Act
and continued oil refinery shortage concerns, resulting in historically
wide spreads between biodiesel and vegetable oil prices. However,
during the third quarter of 2006, the spread between biodiesel and
vegetable oil prices was reduced to narrow levels, primarily as a
result of lower crude oil and diesel prices, which increased pricing
pressure on biodiesel, and the higher cost of soybean oil as a result
of higher demand and lower supply of soybean oil.
Methanol costs increased $212,000, or 188%, to $325,000 in 2006 and
accounted for 6% of our cost of sales in 2006, from $113,000 and 7% of
our cost of sales in 2005. The increase is primarily attributable to
the increase in our production of biodiesel in 2006, and a $0.05 per
gallon decrease in the average cost of methanol, which was
approximately $0.23 per gallon in 2006 and $0.28 per gallon in 2005.
Magnesol costs increased $152,000, or 271%, to $208,000 in 2006 from
$56,000 in 2005 and accounted for 4% of our cost of sales in 2006 and
2005. The increase is primarily attributable to the increase in our
production of biodiesel in 2006. The relatively flat cost of magnesol
as a percentage of our cost of sales was primarily attributable to
increased efficiency in our production process offset by an increase in
the average cost of magnesol of $0.01 per gallon, or 7.1%, to $0.15 per
gallon in 2006 from $0.14 per gallon in 2005. As a result of our
technological innovations in the
production process, we do not expect to use magnesol in our biodiesel
production process at our future production facilities.
Labor and manufacturing overhead costs increased $716,000, or 105%, to
$1.4 million in 2006 from $684,000 in 2005. Labor and manufacturing
overhead costs represented 24% of our cost of sales in 2006 and 43% in
2005. The increase in costs and decrease in percentage of costs of
sales was primarily attributable to additional labor associated with
increasing the production of biodiesel at our Seattle production
facility, as well as ongoing maintenance and increased depreciation
expense related to additional capital expenditures at the Seattle
production facility.
Cost of sales and gross loss. Gross loss was $288,000 in 2005.
Vegetable oil costs were $963,000 and represented 60% of our cost of
sales in 2005. Our average cost of vegetable oil was $2.35 per gallon
in 2005. During 2005 vegetable oil prices remained relatively low and
the biodiesel market improved following the signing into law of the
Energy Policy Act and continued oil refinery shortage concerns,
resulting in historically wide spreads between biodiesel and vegetable
oil prices.
Methanol costs were $113,000 and accounted for 7% of our cost of sales
in 2005. Methanol prices remained relatively constant during 2005, at
approximately $0.28 per gallon. Magnesol costs were $56,000 and
accounted for 4% of our cost of sales in 2005. Our average cost of
magnesol was $0.14 per gallon.
Labor and manufacturing overhead costs were $684,000 in 2005, which
were attributable to the labor associated with increasing biodiesel
production at our Seattle production facility, as well as ongoing
maintenance and increased depreciation expense related to additional
capital expenditures at the Seattle production facility. We did not
have any labor and manufacturing costs in 2004.
During 2005 we also received $230,000 of compensation from the USDA
under their Bioenergy Program. These amounts are accounted for as a
reduction of cost of sales. Payments from the USDA under this program
are based primarily on production levels from period to period, and the
amount of claims by other eligible companies. We did not receive any
compensation from the USDA under their bioenergy program in 2004.
Production Capacity Expansion
Overview of Feedstocks and Hedging
Feedstock procurement construction term loan that we may use to
finance the completion of construction of
Construction of Hawaii, Argentina and U.S. East Coast facilities. We
intend to use approximately $220 million of the net proceeds from this
offering to finance the construction costs of our Hawaii, Argentina and
U.S. East Coast production facilities. Subject to obtaining all the
necessary permits, we expect to begin construction at the Hawaii and
Argentina production facilities in the third quarter of 2007, and the
U.S. East Coast production facility in the fourth quarter of 2007.
(page 46)
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Our quarterly operating results are influenced by seasonal fluctuations
in the price of our primary operating raw materials, including
vegetable oil and methanol, and the market price of our primary
product, biodiesel, and of the prices of crude oil and diesel. The spot
price of vegetable oil tends to rise during the spring planting season
in May and June and tends to decrease during the fall harvest in
October and November. The price for methanol, however, tends to move
opposite that of vegetable oil and tends to be lower in the spring and
summer and higher in the fall and winter. In addition, our biodiesel
prices are substantially correlated with the prices of crude oil and
diesel especially in connection with our indexed, gas-plus sales
contracts. The price of diesel tends to rise during each of the summer
and winter.
As a result of quarterly and seasonal fluctuations, we believe
comparisons of operating measures between consecutive quarters is not
as meaningful as comparisons between longer periods and should not be
relied on as indicators of our future performance. See “Risk
Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business—Our business is subject to
seasonal fluctuations, which could adversely affect our financial
results.”
Since biodiesel can be used as a direct replacement for diesel, the
potential market for biodiesel includes nearly all current diesel
users. According to the EIA, the U.S. consumed approximately 64 billion
gallons of diesel in 2006. If all U.S. diesel were blended with 2%
biodiesel, we believe the U.S. market demand for biodiesel would be
approximately 1.3 BGY. This market increases to 13 BGY at a 20% blend
ratio, which is typical in Europe and other foreign countries that
consume biodiesel. By comparison, in 2006 the U.S. consumed an
estimated 250 million gallons of biodiesel, according to the NBB. This
represents a 50,000% increase from 1999 consumption levels of 500,000
gallons, a 102% compound annual growth rate from 2002 consumption
levels of 15 million gallons, and still only represents approximately
0.4% of the overall U.S. diesel market in 2006.
Biodiesel markets are diverse and we believe biodiesel could be
attractive to a large number of current diesel consumers. Today,
certain specialty segments are well-positioned for early penetration:
(i) the agriculture industry, which has promoted biodiesel use and
industry integration; (ii) the marine diesel sector, which is
interested in promoting biodiesel utilization due to the fuel’s
non-toxic and biodegradable characteristics; (iii) the public service
sector segment, driven by federal- and state-mandated fleet vehicle
requirements for use in public transit and for agency vehicles as well
as the need for lower emissions in certain geographic markets; (iv) the
power generation market for the ability to generate renewable energy
credits; and (v) the mining industry, which faces diesel particulate
matter exposure limits.
Biodiesel is produced primarily by small production facilities, with
approximately 63% of the 105 commercial biodiesel production facilities
reporting nameplate capacity of less than 10 MGY as of January 31,
2007.
Biodiesel can be shipped directly to end users, such as large fleets or
military customers, or distributed using existing diesel terminal and
storage facilities and rail, marine and truck infrastructure.
International Market Opportunity for Biodiesel
Although the U.S biodiesel industry has grown rapidly in recent years,
it still lags behind the European market. According to the
International Energy Agency, Europe consumed 95 billion gallons of
diesel in 2006. The European Union has implemented a target of 5.75%
renewable fuel usage by 2010, which we expect could create demand for
approximately 5.5 billion gallons of biodiesel per year, assuming the
target is met entirely with biodiesel. This creates a potential for a
nearly 6.8 billion gallon market in the U.S. and Europe alone, based on
2006 consumption levels. Countries such as China, India, Indonesia,
Japan, Malaysia and South Korea have also expressed interest in
increasing renewable fuel usage within their borders both for
environmental benefits and energy security.
Energy Policy Act of 1992. This act establishes a goal of 30%
alternative fuel usage in government fleets by 2010. Biodiesel is an
alternative fuel and credits can be earned for blends of 20% or
greater. The act also requires the federal government, alternative fuel
providers, state and local governments, and private fleets to purchase
vehicles that employ alternative fuels. Since 2000, 75% of all
light-duty vehicles acquired by covered fleets of federal agencies have
been required to have alternative fuel capabilities.
Energy Conservation and Re-Authorization Act of 1998. This act allows
vehicle fleets that are required to purchase alternative fuel vehicles,
or AFVs, to generate credits toward fulfilling this requirement by
purchasing and using biodiesel in conventional-fuel vehicles. Since
there are few cost-effective options for purchasing heavy-duty AFVs,
federal and state fleet providers can meet up to 50% of the heavy-duty
AFV purchase requirements by generating biodiesel fuel use credits.
American Jobs Creation Act of 2004. This act creates an excise tax
credit for biodiesel of $0.01 per percentage point of biodiesel blended
with diesel, up to $1.00 per gallon. A credit is available for each
gallon of biodiesel that is used by the taxpayer in producing a
qualified mixture of biodiesel and diesel fuel.
Energy Policy Act of 2005. This act extends through December 2008 the
income and excise tax credits for biodiesel promulgated under the Jobs
Creation Act of 2004. The Energy Policy Act of 2005, or EPAct, also
mandates procuring AFVs and using alternative fuels, including
biodiesel, in federal, state and utility fleets. The EPAct establishes
minimum nationwide levels of renewable fuels, including biodiesel,
ethanol and liquid fuel produced from biomass or biogas, to be blended
into the domestic fuel supply. By 2012, these renewable fuel standards,
or RFS, require that the national volume of renewable fuels equal or
exceed 7.5 billion gallons. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
or EPA, is required, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture
and the Secretary of Energy, to promulgate regulations for blenders to
earn and trade renewable fuel credits for biodiesel blending. The EPA
has established a credit trading program that defines who can generate
credits and under what conditions, how credits may be transferred, and
the appropriate value of credits. Under this program, blending
biodiesel into fuel will earn 50% more credits than blending ethanol.
Other legislative and regulatory market drivers. We believe that
renewable portfolio standards, or RPS, and other laws and programs that
create a market for trading carbon credits, are additional demand
drivers for biodiesel. As of March 31, 2007, approximately 23 of the 50
states have established an RPS, which are guidelines or rules regarding
the amount of renewable power generation of electricity delivered to
customers. For example, the State of California’s RPS requires that, by
2010, 20% of electricity sold in the state must be generated by
renewable power, such as biodiesel. The power generation market relies
in part on diesel generators to produce electricity. Biodiesel offers
electricity utilities the opportunity to satisfy RPS requirements by
switching from diesel to biodiesel in the electricity production
process, rather than incurring capital expenditures to build wind,
solar, geothermal or other facilities to satisfy RPS requirements. We
are currently negotiating a biodiesel supply agreement with a major
U.S. electricity generator that we believe is motivated in part by RPS
requirements. We believe that Hawaii RPS requirements, which require
that 10% of energy sold in the state must be from renewable sources by
2010, increasing to 20% by 2020, will help drive demand for biodiesel
from our planned Hawaii production facility. In Hawaii, more than 75%
of electricity is generated utilizing petroleum products. We estimate
the current diesel fuel market in Hawaii to be approximately 332 MGY,
or up to 729 MGY if residual fuel oil is included, for which biodiesel
can also be substituted.
In addition to RPS requirements, we believe that the emerging
market for trading carbon credits, driven in part by the Kyoto Protocol
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, will drive biodiesel consumption.
According to the EPA, the use of biodiesel, compared to diesel, results
in a 78% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. The Kyoto Protocol,
which is an international treaty to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
associated with global warming, and other similar regulations, have
created an international market for trading of emissions credits in
Europe, in Asia and through United Nations exchange programs. Trading
in credits allows companies and governments to match their greenhouse
gas emissions with equal volumes of emission allowances.
Several states that collectively account for approximately 20% of U.S.
carbon dioxide emissions have launched initiatives to reduce greenhouse
emissions using cap-and-trade regimes. The Regional Greenhouse Gas
Initiative, or RGGI, is a market-based effort by Connecticut, Delaware,
Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, and Vermont
to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from power plants. The initiative
would set up the nation’s first mandatory cap-and-trade program for
carbon dioxide. Starting in January 2009, RGGI states have agreed to
implement a cap of 121 million short tons on carbon dioxide emissions
from power plants, which would be further reduced by 10% by 2018. Under
the RGGI cap-and-trade system, regulators
Since biodiesel can be used in diesel power plants and reduces carbon
dioxide emissions by up to 78%, carbon cap-and-trade programs represent
a meaningful market opportunity for biodiesel.
Build industrial-scale facilities. We plan to build industrial-scale
production facilities with a nameplate capacity of at least 100 MGY at
each facility. While much of the domestic biodiesel production capacity
consists of facilities having a nameplate capacity of 10 MGY or less,
we plan to utilize our in-house project management and engineering
expertise to build high-volume production facilities at lower capital
costs by utilizing a smaller physical plant design than our
competitors. We believe our large production capacity will enable us to
enter long-term contracts with large-volume customers.
Manage feedstock costs. Feedstocks are the most expensive component of
biodiesel and are subject to substantial price fluctuations. In
addition to our internal research and development efforts to develop
more efficient and less expensive feedstock sources, we are
implementing three other strategies to minimize our feedstock costs.
First, we will continue to use advanced hedging principles to reduce
the cost of our feedstocks to maintain the lowest possible
supply and conversion costs available. Second, we plan to reduce our
feedstock costs over the next 18 to 36 months by seeking to license
rights to proprietary oil seeds that we believe have the potential to
produce more than 140 gallons of feedstock oil per acre, compared to 30
to 40 gallons per acre for soybeans. We plan to work with licensors to
develop seeds and, if successful, plan to grow and harvest seeds
ourselves, thereby reducing our feedstock acquisition cost. Third, we
intend to reduce our feedstock costs over the long-term by seeking to
acquire rights to, or investing in companies that are developing,
algae, which we believe has the potential to produce more than 1,500
gallons of feedstock oil per acre.
Our Biodiesel Production Process
We have optimized our biodiesel production process to incorporate new,
internally-developed proprietary technology. Biodiesel is produced in a
relatively simple process know as transesterfication. Vegetable oil or
animal fat feedstock is reacted with methanol, in the presence of a
catalyst, such as lye, sodium or potassium hydroxide, and this chemical
reaction produces biodiesel and crude glycerin, which can easily be
separated. The glycerin can be used in a variety of products ranging
from soap, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals to manufactured fireplace
logs. We intend to sell our crude glycerin to glycerin refiners and
users and are developing the ability to sell or further process our
glycerin for higher value products.
The multi-feedstock technology that we employ in our biodiesel
production process enables us to reduce our costs by simultaneously
shifting into and out of different feedstocks based on available supply
and price. While approximately 63% of the 250 million gallons of
biodiesel produced in the U.S. in 2006 was produced at facilities that
are only capable of using soybean oil as the primary feedstock, our
Seattle production facility and Grays Harbor production facility are
designed, and additional planned production facilities will be
designed, as multi-feedstock facilities that produce biodiesel from
many kinds of vegetable oils simultaneously.
Reaction Process. Our process for producing biodiesel begins with
selecting a feedstock oil, adding an alcohol, usually methanol, and a
catalyst to react with the feedstock oil. Our reactor design is a
multi-stage, continuous, pressurized, high-throughput process that
facilitates the movement of the reacted mixture. Many smaller-scale
biodiesel reactors use a batch process and require longer residence
times to complete the reaction process. Once the reacted mixture stops
catalyzing, it is decanted to separate biodiesel reaction product from
byproducts, including glycerin and excess alcohol. We have developed a
proprietary method for this separation process and for recovering the
excess alcohol by flash evaporation.
Polishing Process. We have developed a proprietary process for
polishing the biodiesel that does not utilize water or produce a toxic
waste stream. After the biodiesel reaction and separation
process, there are remaining amounts of catalyst, methanol, glycerin
and other contaminants in the biodiesel. We believe that many
production facilities use water to wash out the impurities. The added
water must then be removed again to complete the production process,
and the now-toxic waste water must be properly disposed of at
additional cost. To complete the production process, we have designed
and deployed two waterless “polishing” technologies. Our primary method
employs a distillation column to separate biodiesel into grades and to
isolate impurities. Our alternative method employs an adsorbent and
filtering process to strip the impurities from the biodiesel. The
result of our production process is biodiesel that exceeds the ASTM
standard for water and glycerin content. Our proprietary process leads
to a longer shelf life, improved overall product quality, and the
ability to transport our biodiesel over longer distances than biodiesel
produced with a water wash.
We plan to grow our biodiesel production capacity significantly over
the next several years. We are currently developing sites for new
production facilities in Hawaii, in Argentina and on the U.S. East
Coast. We expect to finance the construction costs of these sites with
the net proceeds we receive from this offering. We intend to replicate
the construction and production processes we are employing at our Grays
Harbor production facility at these additional production facilities.
Hawaii production facility
Overview. We have signed a letter of intent to enter into a 35-year
lease on an 11-acre site on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, where we have
also entered into escrow to acquire a second 21-acre site. We are in
the process of securing all required permits for the leased site and
are continuing our investigation of the site in escrow. Assuming
successful permitting and investigation, we intend to begin
construction of a 100 MGY nameplate capacity biodiesel production
facility at the leased site by the third quarter of 2007. We expect
construction of this production facility to be completed in the third
quarter of 2008. We currently plan to use the second site for future
expansion of our Hawaii production capacity.
Market opportunity. Our Hawaii production facility will provide us
direct access to the Hawaiian diesel market. In Hawaii, more than 75%
of electricity is generated utilizing petroleum products. We estimate
the current diesel fuel market in Hawaii to be approximately 332 MGY,
or up to 729 MGY if residual fuel oil is included, for which biodiesel
can also be substituted. Hawaii also has recently enacted legislation
that will require that 10% of all on-road fuel to come from alternative
sources by 2010, 15% by 2015, and 20% by 2020. In addition, 10% of
energy sold in the state must be from renewable sources by 2010 and 15%
by 2015. We believe that we will be able to sell 100% of the annual
production from our Hawaiian production facility in the local market to
meet expected demand. Our Hawaii location will give us a cost advantage
over competitors who must incur transportation costs to ship biodiesel
to Hawaii to serve that market. This location also gives us faster,
less expensive access to palm oil from Indonesia and Malaysia, which is
well suited for the warmer Hawaiian climate. This location also gives
us less expensive access to growing Asian diesel markets.
Argentina production facility
Overview. We have entered into a letter of intent to purchase
approximately 25 acres of land adjacent to a major soybean crushing
facility in Ramallo, Argentina. We intend to begin construction of a
100 MGY nameplate capacity facility at the site in the second half of
2007. We are in the process of securing all permits required for
construction and expect to complete construction of this facility in
the third quarter of 2008. We plan to develop and construct this
production facility with a local strategic partner with whom we expect
to renew a letter of intent. We anticipate the production facility will
receive up to 100% of the feedstock required from an adjacent soybean
crushing plant via pipeline. We plan to export biodiesel we produce at
the production facility to Europe from an existing port at the site.
Market opportunity. We have identified Argentina as a strategic
location for a production facility because of the ability to ship to
Europe efficiently and the wide availability of feedstock, particularly
low-cost soybeans. When operational, we will most likely target sales
from our Argentina production facility to the European diesel market,
which we estimate to be approximately 95 BGY. The production facility
would also be positioned to supply biodiesel directly to the
Argentinean market with low cost, locally grown soybeans. As the
world’s largest exporter of soybean oil, Argentina provides less
expensive feedstock through existing crushing facilities and existing
port infrastructure.
Overview of Feedstocks and Hedging
Feedstock procurement
Feedstock supply arrangements
• Palm Oil. We have entered into a three-year
contract with Cargill International Trading Pte Ltd. for delivery of
palm oil to our production facilities, which we believe will be
sufficient to provide up to 100% of our palm oil feedstock requirements
through 2010. The purchase price for the palm oil under this agreement
varies according to applicable market rates.
• Canola Oil. We have entered into a one-year
purchase agreement, with successive one-year renewal options, with
Natural Selection Farms, Inc. for the purchase of canola seed vegetable
oil. The purchase price for the canola oil under this agreement varies
according to applicable market rates. In addition, we have entered into
spot and basis contracts for canola oil with Archer Daniels Midland
Company, Bunge Canada, Cargill Ltd. and others.
• Methanol. We have entered into a three-year
methanol purchase agreement with Methanex Methanol Company to supply
methanol to us. We believe this agreement will supply us with 95% of
our methanol needs for our Grays Harbor production facility through
2010, after taking into account the methanol we recover through our
proprietary process. The purchase price for the methanol varies under
this agreement according to the market index price per gallon that
Methanex determines each month, plus fixed costs for freight, shipping
and a geographic price adjustment.
All of our planned biodiesel production facilities expect to have deep
water port access, which will enable us to transport by barge large
volumes of biodiesel directly to independent petroleum distributors and
other customers, and to other storage facilities. We currently lease
one barge and are under contract to purchase another barge, with an
aggregate capacity of more than 6.1 million gallons.
As of May 7, 2007, we had 69 full-time employees, 19 in operations, 13
in engineering, and 37 who are responsible for companywide management,
marketing, project management, logistics and administration. All of our
employees are located in the U.S., except for one employee located in
Argentina. None of our employees are covered by collective bargaining
agreements. We have had no labor-related work stoppages, and we believe
we have positive relations with our employees.
Executive Officers
Martin G. Tobias 43 Chief Executive Officer,
Chairman of the Board and Director
John P. Plaza 41 President and Director
Marc D. Stolzman 40 Chief Financial Officer
Arthur D. Ayrault IV 45 Vice President of
International
Jerold J. Goade 43 Vice President of Finance and
Administration
James Graham Noyes 42 Vice President of Sales and
Business Development
Jane A. Orenstein 51 Vice President, General Counsel
and Secretary
Mark E. Warner 44 Vice President of Engineering
Non-Employee Directors
Ira M. Ehrenpreis 38 Director
Nancy C. Floyd( 52 Director
Martin G. Tobias. Mr. Tobias has been our Chief Executive Officer,
Chairman of the Board and a director since May 2005. Mr. Tobias has
been a Venture Partner at Ignition Venture Partners since March 2002,
and has invested in over two dozen start-up companies including
Cloudmark, Inc., a messaging security company, for which he is a board
member. From 1997 to 2001, Mr. Tobias was the Founder, Chief Executive
Officer and Chairman of Loudeye Technologies, Inc., a digital media
production company now part of Nokia Corporation. Prior to Loudeye, Mr.
Tobias was with Microsoft Corporation from 1991 to 1997 in various
operational management roles and was with Andersen Consulting, now
known as Accenture, from 1987 to 1991. Mr. Tobias received his
bachelor’s degree in Marketing and Computer Science from Oregon State
University.
John P. Plaza. Mr. Plaza has been our President and a director since
founding Seattle Biodiesel LLC, the predecessor to our company, in
March 2004. From March 2004 to May 2007, Mr. Plaza also served as our
Secretary. From 1996 to March 2005, Mr. Plaza was a commercial airline
pilot with Northwest Airlines Corporation, and he has over 20 years of
commercial piloting experience. Mr. Plaza attended AAR Western Skyways
and received an Airline Transport Pilot License, which is the highest
level of aircraft pilot certification. Mr. Plaza is a member of the
National Biodiesel Board.
Marc D. Stolzman. Mr. Stolzman has been our Chief Financial Officer
since March 2007. From 1994 to January 2007, Mr. Stolzman served in a
number of finance and management capacities with Starbucks Corporation,
including Senior Vice President of Finance and Business Development of
Starbucks Coffee International from July 2003 to January 2007, Chief
Financial Officer of Starbucks Coffee Japan from 2001 to July 2003, as
Vice President of Finance of North America from 1997 to 2001, and
Director of Corporate Business Planning and Analysis Director of
Corporate Business Planning and Analysis from 1996 to 1997. Mr.
Stolzman received his bachelor’s degree in Business Administration from
Washington State University.
Arthur D. Ayrault IV. Mr. Ayrault has been our Vice President of
International since July 2006, prior to which he served as a consultant
to us from March 2006. Mr. Ayrault is responsible for development of
joint ventures and production facility sites for all international
locations and Hawaii. From August 2002 to February 2006 he was Chief
Executive Officer of Mobility Inc., doing business as Flexcar, a
vehicle sharing company, for which he is Vice Chairman of the Board.
Prior to Flexcar, Mr. Ayrault served as Vice President, International
for AEI Music Network Inc. from 1998 to April 2002. He served as
General Manager with Simpson Latin America, Ltd. from 1990 to 1993, and
then Vice President, International of Simpson Paper Company from 1994
to 1998. Mr. Ayrault received his bachelor’s degree in History from
Harvard University and his Masters in Business Administration from the
University of Washington.
Jerold J. Goade. Mr. Goade has served as our Vice President of Finance
and Administration since April 2006. Mr. Goade has over 15 years of
experience in finance and accounting roles with start-up companies,
technology, retail and broadcasting companies, as well as public
accounting experience. From December 2004 to March 2006, Mr. Goade was
the Vice President of Finance at Clearwire Corporation, an
international wireless high-speed Internet and Internet phone service
company. Prior to Clearwire, Mr. Goade served as Sr. Vice President of
Finance and
interim Chief Financial Officer of Loudeye from 1999 to December 2004.
Mr. Goade is among several former officers and directors of
Loudeye named in a private securities class action suit filed just
prior to Loudeye’s acquisition by Nokia and which is still pending. Mr.
Goade is a Certified Public Accountant (CPA inactive) in the State of
Washington and received his bachelor’s degree in Business
Administration from Seattle University.
James Graham Noyes. Mr. Noyes has been our Vice President of Sales and
Business Development since February 2007. From 2000 to December 2007,
Mr. Noyes was Vice President of Sales at World Energy Alternatives,
LLC, a leading distributor generally recognized as the biodiesel
industry’s first company to market biodiesel. Prior to World Energy
Alternatives, Mr. Noyes practiced law at the Law Offices of Graham
Noyes in San Francisco, California from 1995 to 2000. Mr. Noyes
received his bachelor’s degree in Political and Social Thought from the
University of Virginia, Charlottesville and a Juris Doctorate from the
University of California, Davis School of Law, where he served as a
staff editor for the law review.
Jane A. Orenstein. Ms. Orenstein has been our General Counsel since
August 2006 and our Vice President and Secretary since May 2007. From
1999 to August 2006, Ms. Orenstein served as Vice President and General
Counsel for Shurgard Storage Centers, Inc., a self-storage company that
merged with Public Storage, Inc. in August 2006, where she also served
as Assistant General Counsel. Prior to Shurgard, Ms. Orenstein served
for four years as Assistant General Counsel for Smart & Final
Stores Corporation, a grocery wholesale and retail chain. Ms. Orenstein
has over 20 years of experience as a government and corporate attorney.
Ms. Orenstein received her bachelor’s degree in History from the
University of California, Los Angeles and a Juris Doctorate from the
University of Southern California Law Center.
Mark E. Warner. Mr. Warner has been our Vice President of Engineering
since May 2007, prior to which he served as our Managing Director of
Project Engineering from May 2006 to April 2007. From April 2001 to May
2006, he was Vice President of Pacific Operations at Weston Solutions,
Inc., an engineering consulting company. Mr. Warner received his
bachelor’s degree in Chemical Engineering from Washington State
University.
Ira M. Ehrenpreis. Mr. Ehrenpreis has been a director since December
2005. Mr. Ehrenpreis is also a General Partner at Technology Partners,
a venture capital firm. Mr. Ehrenpreis joined Technology Partners in
1996, where he leads the firm’s cleantech investment practice. Mr.
Ehrenpreis currently serves on the board of the National Venture
Capital Association and the Western Association of Venture Capitalists.
Mr. Ehrenpreis has also served as Chairman of the Cleantech Venture
Network Advisory Board, Chairman of the Clean-Tech Investors Summit and
Chairman of the Energy Investors Forum. Mr. Ehrenpreis received his
bachelor’s degree from the University of California, Los Angeles (Phi
Beta Kappa, summa cum laude) and a Masters in Business Administration
and Juris Doctorate from the Stanford Graduate School of Business and
Stanford Law School, where he was an Associate Editor of Stanford Law
Review.
Nancy C. Floyd. Ms. Floyd has been a director since July 2005. Ms.
Floyd is Founder and Managing Director of Nth Power, a venture capital
firm. Ms. Floyd has led Nth Power’s investments in various entities,
various company boards, Ms. Floyd sits on the boards of the Cleantech
Venture Network, Center for Resource Solutions and American Council on
Renewable Energy. Prior to founding Nth Power in 1997, Ms. Floyd built,
managed and negotiated the sale of two high-growth energy and
telecommunications companies. Ms. Floyd received her bachelor’s degree
in Political Science from Franklin and Marshall College, where she
currently serves as a Trustee, and her Masters degree in Political
Science from Rutgers University.
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