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The OTEC
Roadmap
 Life of the Land’s Energy Independence for Hawai`i (2030): An Integrated Approach to Economic Revitalization in a Culturally and Environmentally Sensitive Way Written by Henry Curtis (February 25, 2011) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY With this document, Life of the Land lays out a plan whereby each island would be 100% energy self-reliant by 2030. The chief baseload energy would be Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). Pacific Biodiesel would focus on the production of Jet Bio-Fuel. Chapter 1 focuses on the key energy issues that need to be understood in discussingenergy projects. There is often confusion in public discourse between load and peak load, between megawatts and megawatt-hours, between costs and financial costs andbetween intermittent and continuous power. Key mechanisms for delivering non-utility power to the grid are also discussed. Chapter 2 focuses on energy efficiency. It is often, but erroneously, described as the low hanging fruit. Energy efficiency is primarily an economic tool, not an energy tool. Chapter 3 focuses on the major types of renewable energy. We include Sea Water Air Conditioning in this section, although it is a displacement technology and not a renewable energy. That is, it diminishes the need for renewable energy rather than providing renewable energy. In Chapter 4 we lay out the vision of what we want to accomplish. The key is recognizing that energy facilities are part of, and not separate from, the community. They need to be integrated into the educational system and there must be transparency at every level; data must be collected and shared. OTEC systems utilize a number of specific technological components including very lengthy underwater pipes, and special heat exchangers, and they move around substantial amounts of water. The facility must be in waters 4000 feet deep. Underwater transmission lines are needed to bring the power to shore. To avoid the coastal reefs, the transmission line should be buried using Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD). While the oil industry brought us global warming, it also brought an understanding of oil rigs and other offshore platforms. Unlike oil operations, which tap into huge underground oil and gas fields that can leak or explode, the oil platform technology can serve as relatively benign platforms for renewable energy systems such as OTEC and wave energy facilities. In Chapter 5 we discuss solutions for transportation. Chapters 6-11 examine the impacts from various perspectives: environmental, cultural, social justice and economics. The amount of electricity that could be generated is measured in megawatts (MW). The actual amount of electricity that is generated is measured in megawatt-hours (MWhr). The combined total of all electricity generating power plants operating in Hawai`i is about 2300 MW. Table I lists the amount of Renewable Energy that could be brought on line now, at today’s prices and using current technology Source Material Bellinger, Reb. Expert Testimony, PUC Docket 2005-0145. Coastal Response Research Center, University of New Hampshire, and NOAA: “Technical Readiness of OTEC”. (2009) Coastal Response Research Center, University of New Hampshire, and NOAA: “Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: Assessing Physical, Chemical and Biological Impacts and Risks” (2010) Coastal Response Research Center, University of New Hampshire, and NOAA, “Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Workshop: Assessing Potential Physical, Chemical and Biological Impacts and Risks. A Primer” (2010) Cohen, Dr. Robert "Energy from the Ocean" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London A 307, 405-437 (1982) Curtis, Henry, Ililani Media Videos: Interview with Dr. Ted Johnson, Director, Alternative Energy Programs Development for Lockheed Martin's MS2 Undersea Systems. Curtis, Henry, Ililani Media Videos: Interview with Dr. Hans Krock, OCEES International Curtis, Henry, Ililani Media Videos: Interview with Dr. David Rezachek Curtis, Henry, Ililani Media Videos: OTEC Interviews: Interview with Dr Luis Vega (former head of the OTEC project at NELHA), Reb Bellinger (Makai Ocean Engineering, a local company heavily involved in sea water air conditioning and OTEC), and David Robichaux, an energy consultant. Eskom: Energy Management “Desert-ocean thermal energy conversion” (2008) Finney, Karen Anne, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada “Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion”, Guelph Engineering Journal, (1), 17 - 23. ISSN: 1916-1107. ©2008 Gatdula, Donnabelle L., The Philippine Star (October 26, 2009) “US-Pinoy group to build 1st ocean power facility in RP” Gill, A.T., Energy Analyst, State of Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism, and Richard E. Rocheleau, Director, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, “Advances in Hawaii’s Ocean Energy RD&D” Hawaiian Electric Company, Ocean Energy Development Guidelines (July 2007) Johnson, Mansur “Shamcher: A Memoir of Bryn Beorse & His Struggle to Introduce Ocean Energy to the United States” 1991 & 2006 Editions Krock Ph.D., Hans, Expert Testimony, PUC Docket 2005-0145. Lai, Cheng I, Researcher, STPI, NARL. “The Input Analysis of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion R&D Projects in Taiwan” Landmesser, C.W., Dr. H.E. Sheets and R.H. Richmond "Symposium on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)" United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Committee for Co-ordination of Joint Prospecting for Mineral Resources in South Pacific Offshore Areas. Proceedings of ECOR/IOC - CCOP/SOPAC (1976) Magesh, R. (Coastal Energen Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, Tamilnadu, India) “OTEC Technology- A World of Clean Energy and Water” Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2010 Vol II (WCE 2010), June 30 - July 2, 2010, London, U.K. Makai Ocean Engineering “Deep Pipelines for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion” Martí, José A; Thomas J. Plocek; Manuel A.J. Laboy, Offshore Infrastructure Associates, Inc. “Commercial Implementation of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC): Social and Economic Implications for Puerto Rico,” Presentation to COHEMIS, International Conference on Green Communities, UPR Mayaguez Campus (2008) Myers, Edward P. et al, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); “NOAA Technical Report” NMFS 40 (1986): Nicholson, III, Robert J. “Public Comment by Sea Solar Power International, LLC.”, U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy Meeting. Washington, D.C., January 24, 2003 Nihous, Gérard C. UH Department of Ocean and Resources Engineering. "Mapping available Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion resources around the main Hawaiian Islands with state-of-the-art tools" Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 2, Piersol, Mike Offshore Ports LLC, “Executive Summary for Kona Co-Op 100 Megawatt Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Project” Plocek, T.J. and M. Laboy, Offshore Infrastructure Associates; J.A. Martí, Technical Consulting Group, “Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC): Technical Viability, Cost Projections and Development Strategies” (2009) Rapier, Robert. “OTEC" Rezachek Ph.D., David. Expert Testimony, PUC Docket 2005-0145. Swathi A., P.Srivalli Sneha, Prasad V. Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad. “Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: A seminar report” Takeda, Brian, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Hawaii. “Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion at Kahe Point: An Attempt at Community Dialogue” (November 1986). Program on Conflict Resolution (PCR), Matsunaga Institute for Peace, University of Hawai`i at Manoa. Prepared for the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) and the State of Hawaii Department of Planning and Economic Development (DPED). Working Paper Series: 1987-03 Takahashi, Patrick, "On the Blue Revolution: The Coming of OTEC" Huffington Post (November 21, 2008) U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean Minerals and Energy “Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion: Final Environmental Impact Statement" (July 1981) Uchida, Richard N. Southwest Fisheries Center Honolulu Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, “Summary of Pertinent Biological Characteristics of Potential Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Sites in the Pacific Ocean” (August 1983) Van Ryzin, Joe. “Design of OTEC Heat Exchanger Test Facility”, Makai Ocean Engineering; Vega, Luis A, National Marine Renewable Energy Center at the University of Hawaii and Dominic Michaelis, Energy Island Ltd. UK. “First Generation 50 MW OTEC Plantship for the Production of Electricity and Desalinated Water” OTC 20957 Copyright 2010, Offshore Technology Conference. This paper was prepared for presentation at the 2010 Offshore Technology Conference held in Houston, Texas, USA, 3–6 May 2010. Vega, Luis “Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)” |
Ocean Thermal
Energy Conversion in Hawai`i
Table 1: Potential Renewable Energy Systems (MW)
TIME LINE (2011-2025) The large systems proposed within this document should be built over a 20-year period. Table 2 lays out a reasonable timeline for installing these future systems. Table 2: Installation of Future Baseload Renewable Energy Facilities
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Federal OTEC
Regulations
NOAA Launches Website on Emerging Marine Renewable Energy including legal and licensing information for industries interested in developing Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) capability in the United States (February 10, 2011) NOAA's Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management is responsible for licensing ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) projects. State Support
Hawaii National Marine Renewable Energy Center The Hawai’i National Marine Renewable Energy Center (HINMREC) was established to facilitate commercialization of Wave Energy Conversion (WEC) devices and to accelerate development and testing of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) technologies. HINMREC supports design of OTEC pre-commercial plants and plans to provide WEC developers access to grid connected berths under a variety of ocean conditions. HINMREC is primarily funded by the Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Office of the US Department of Energy (DOE), through a five-year (2009-2014) contract awarded to the Hawai’i Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) at the University of Hawai’i. |
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